1. 주어와 동사의 관계(S + 단수동사 or 복수동사)

수능 영어 어법 총정리                                                                                            by Thomas

way to go!

(1) 주어 + 단수 동사

1) to + 동사

2) 동사 + ing

3) what / how / where / why + 주어 + 동사

4) whether + 주어 + 동사

5) That + 주어 + 동사

6) the number of + 복수 명사

7) a total of + 복수 명사

8) every + 명사

9) each + 명사

10) many a + 단수 명사

11) to + 동사 and to + 동사

(2) 주어 + 복수 동사

1)both + 명사 and  명사

2) a number of + 복수 명사

3) 동사+ing and 동사+ing

4) the + 형용사) 주어 + 복수 동사

(3) 상황에 따라 단수동사 또는 복수동사가 되는 경우

1) the rest of  / percent of / part of / half of / all of / 분수 of + 단수 명사이면 단수 동사이고 복수명사이면 복수 동사

2) either A or B / neither A nor B / not only A but also B / B as well as A에서는 B의 수에 따라서 동사의 단, 복수가 나뉜다.

(4) 긴 주어에서 단수 또는 복수인 경우

1) About 80% of the information on the Internet is written in English.

2) A basket full of eggs is a recognizable symbol of this holiday.

3) The marathon race first held in 1896 is now a famous event.

4) The firefighters trying to rescue her were running about in confusion.

5) The deepest subconscious need that people have is the need to feel important.

6) The fact that she's working all night doesn't worry Margaret at all.

7) The team of the country where the Games are being held marches in last.

8) Animals from nearby areas where there is little food (are / is)  moving here.

(5)기타 주어 찾기

1)On the left side are recreational areas with many attractions.

2)Certain bacteria grow that can be harmful if (they are) inhaled.

3)It is natural that they should have different views.

4)It is victims themselves that are responsible for their own safety.

(6)다음 문제에서 적절한 동사 형태를 고르시오.

1. Early to bed and early to rise (make / makes) a man healthy.

2. The number of patients (is / are) increasing.

3. That he made many mistakes (is / are) a big problem.

4. Many a student ( was / were) absent.

5. A number of students (wish / wishes) to go to the university.

6. What I can hear (is / are) that he was a liar.

7. Whether he is right (is / are) secondary.

8. Either you or he (is / are) the criminal to kill the girl.

9. Half of the apple (is / are) rotten.

10. Part of students (has / have) studied English very hard.

(7)교재 적용

(1)For example, a child growing up in a large family on a farm has different socialization experiences than ③is a child growing up in a single-parent family in the city.

(2) The cliche´ about teachers’ learning as much as their pupils (C)[are / is ] quite true, and the tutoring that takes place in a cooperative classroom actually benefits both the helper and the helped more than a competitive or independent study arrangement.

(3)Worst of all ② was our treatment of the elderly.

(4)This lack of available information on the hidden consequences of what we buy (B)[ insulate / insulates ] companies from this portion of the supply-demand pressures central to a healthy, competitive market.

(5)Human societies would be chaotic and unlivable if they didn’t have cultures that ① allow people to live together under the same set of general rules.

(6)They found that every afternoon a car with an elderly couple aboard (B)[passed / passing ] along the road at the same time going at normal speed.

2. 동사와 보어 또는 목적어의 관계(V + C/O)

(1)동사와 보어의 관계: 동사 뒤에 주어의 상태를 말해주는 형용사가 있다.

1) 감각동사(look, sound, smell, taste, feel 등)

2) seem류 동사(appear, turn out)

3) become류 동사(get, turn, grow, fall, go, run, come, make)

4) remain류 동사(keep, hold, lie, stay, stand)

(2)다음 문장 안에서 틀린 부분을 찾아서 고쳐 쓰시오.

(1) The small children grew tired and carelessly.

(2) An object's mass, on the other hand, is the amount of material that it contains, and this remains constantly.

(3)교재 적용

(1)In order to discharge his obligation he started twisting a piece of wire into various shapes, hoping (A)[desperate / desperately] he could create something of cash value out of it.

(2)They found that (A)[strange / strangely ] the average number of vehicles per minute was far greater at other hours of the day.

(3)If you do not have an available drawer in your nightstand to keep them in, use a magazine rack to help keep your reading material ① orderly.

(4) 동사와 목적어와 관계

1) 수동태

① happen, appear, disappear, occur, take place, consist of, seem, look, exist 등은 수동의 의미를 가지지만 수동태가 될 수 없다.

Ex1)We should find out what (was happened / happened) in the highway.

② 타동사 뒤에 명사가 없는 경우

Ex2)He wanted to (select / be selected) for the school basketball team.

Ex3)I tried to enter the room without (noticing / being noticed).

Ex4)Go to a fairly quiet place where you are not likely to(disturb / be disturbed).

③ 4형식 동사는 동사 뒤 명사가 있어도 수동태가 될 수 있다.

Ex5) I gave him a gift.= He was given a gift by me. = A gift was given to him by me.

*buy, make, read, write 등은 직접 목적어로만 수동태가 될 수 있음

Ex6) My mother made me cookies

=Cookies were made for me by my mother(0)

I was made cookies by my mother.(X)

④사역동사와 지각동사가 수동형이 될 때는 다음에 따라 오는 동사에 to를 붙인다.

Ex7)She was seen (enter / to enter) the room.

⑤동사구(동사 + 전치사 or 부사)가 수동태가 되면 당황하지 말라. 단지 조금 길어질 뿐이다.

- 방해 동사

prevent, keep, stop, prohibit, hinder, restrain A from B

Ex)Gas exploration can be prevented from steadily

changing the face of the Arctic.

-박탈 동사

rob, deprive, relieve A of B = A be robbed..... of B

Ex)I was deprived of my freedom

-정보 동사

assure, convince, inform, remind, warn A of B

= A be assured.....of B

Ex)I was assured of his recovery.

-공급 동사

provide, furnish, supply, entrust, equip, endow A with B

= A be provided....... with B

Ex)You will be provided with the result on the basis of    various information.

-귀속 동사

attribute, ascribe, owe A to B = A be attributed to B

Ex)The decision is attributed to advent of technology and newer and faster means of communication.

-비난 동사

blame, scold, punish, criticize, sue A for B

= A be blamed...... for B

Ex)the company has been sued for false advertisements.

In a nutshell, Thomas wanna say,

1) 주어와 동사의 관계를 살펴봐야 함.

2) be + p.p + 목적어가 있는 경우: 4형식 확인

3) be + p.p + 목적어가 없는 경우: 당근 수동태

4) 동사구는 숙어처럼 암기하는 해야 함

5) 수동태가 되지 않는 동사를 암기해야 함

3. 동사, 목적어 그리고 목적 보어의 관계(V+O+O∙C)

(1) 사역 동사와 지각동사

1)사역동사(make, have, let, bid) + 목적어 + (동사원형 / p.p형 /

형용사)

2)지각동사(hear, see, watch, perceive, feel 등) + 목적어 + (동사원형 / p.p형 / -ing)

3)get + 목적어 + (to 동사 / p.p형)

(2) 동사 + 목적어 + to동사

1)allow, enable, encourage, cause, require, advise, expect, force, compel, order, ask, persuade, want, urge  등

Ex) This money will enable us to do whatever we want.

(3) 동사 + it + 목적보어 + that 주어 동사 또는 to 동사

1)think, believe, find, consider, make 등

Ex1) I thought it strange that he didn't want to travel.

Ex2) We find it impossible to sit still and do nothing.

(4) ‘to 동사’와 ‘to have 동사’

1) People believe him to be true.

= It is believed that he is true.

2) People believe him to have been true.

= It is believed that he was true.

(5)다음 문장의 (   )안에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

1. Many enthusiastic soccer fans gathered to see the World Cup stars(play / played).

2. He got his pocket (picked / picking) in the crowd.

3. My teacher compelled me (to cram / cramming) English words into my brain.

4. We considered it silly (to give up / giving up) the money.

5. People believe that I was rich, but it is not true for me (to have been rich / to be rich)

(6)교재 적용

(1) If someone appears at an audition without a ④preparing piece of music to sing, or without a copy of the music to give to the accompanist, that person is not only being unprofessional, but is also being naive.

(2)If your third issue of the same magazine has arrived and you have not read the others, understand that some need to ② get pitched because you will never catch up.

(3)But the medieval entertainers had a distinct advantage, because their readers had no way of checking the veracity of what they ③ were told.

(4) No reader had ever met with one, but the very idea that such an encounter might be possible was enough to be ⑤ frightened.

4. 수식 어구

(1) 관계대명사

1) 'what'과 ‘that / which'

① 선행사(X) - what - 불완전한 의미의 문장

ex) I want to read what you read.

② 선행사(O) - that / which - 불완전한 의미의 문장

ex) I want to read the book that you read.

2) 조심해라, 'that'

①계속적 용법으로 사용할 수 없다.

Ex) I said nothing, (that / which)  made him angry.

②전치사 뒤에 사용할 수 없다.

Ex) This is the house in (that / which) I was born.

cf) He has an advantage over them in that he can speak Spanish.

3) 'whose' 또는 'of which'

➀ 사물 또는 사람 관계없이 쓰일 수 있음

➁  I met a boy + His(he) father was a doctor.

=I met a boy whose father was a doctor.

➂ I bought a car + Its(It) color was blue.

= I bought a car whose color was blue.

4) 관계대명사의 바로 뒤의 동사의 수는 선행사에 의해 결정된다.

Ex) What are the languages which (are / is) spoken in Switzerland?

(2) 관계부사와 관계대명사

1)관계부사는 전치사 + 관계대명사와 같다

Ex) There are many cases where( =in which) we have to compromise.

2)관계부사인지 관계대명사인지 헷갈릴 경우 관계사 이하의 문장 해석할 때 전치사가 필요할 경우는 관계부사 전치사가 필요 없는 경우 관계대명사이다.

Ex)Paris is the city which I want to visit sometime.

Ex)Seoul is the city where I want to live in the future.

(3)다음 문장의 (   )안에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

1. I heard (which / what) sounded like footsteps.

2. The rapidity (which / with which) she answered the question surprised me.

3. Sound travels through air at about 1,000 feet per second, (that / which) is over 700 miles per hour.

4. Both fear and anxiety send signals through the body that (prepare / prepares) all systems for possible danger.

5. These are years (when / that) the brain develops and a young child's environmental influences continue to be important.

(4)교재 적용

(1)We’ve been taking this road for weeks, and when we are at the top we slow down because we never tire of the view from the top, (C)[where/which] is always covered in snow.”

(2)I plan to stand behind him and watch, ②which Dad swears does not make him nervous.

(3)Hunt plunged on to invent a sewing machine, industrial machinery, new types of firearms, and even a pair of tricky shoes with (C)[what / which]  you could walk up walls!

(4)Be careful, however, (B)[that / what] you do not hastily accept sleeping medication as the solution to your problem.

(5)ince group performance in problem solving is superior to even the individual work of the most expert group members, (A)[it / which ] should not be surprising that students learn better when they cooperate.

(6)The term objectivity is important in measurement (A) [ for which / which ] the scientific demand that observations be subject to public verification.

(7)The weeks are so crammed with soccer games, piano lessons, baseball practices, and group tutoring sessions (C)[ that / what ] children rarely have an opportunity to enjoy free time playing with their siblings and neighborhood peers.

(8)They accept from one another’s work (A)[ that / what ] they find useful.

5. 전치사와 접속사

(1)전치사 + 명사	(2)접속사 + S + V
1) -이기 때문에
because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of ex)You may no longer have to go to work because of advances in technology.	because, as, since ex)You may no longer have to go to work because technology may advance.
2) -임에도 불구하고
in spite of, despite ex)Despite the differences in their ages they were close friends.	although, even if ex)Although she hated them, she agreed to help them.
3)-하는 동안
during, for, throughout ex)He was badly wounded during the Korean War.	while ex) He was badly wounded while he joined the Korean War.

4)기타

① as: -로서 ex) As a friend, l love you.

- 때문에, 할 때 ex) As it is rainy, I will not go out.

② like는 전치사와 접속사 모두 가능

ex) He cried like a baby. / Like I said, I made it.

③ since: -이래로

ex) She has been depressed ever since her sister's death.

- 때문에

ex) Since we are busy, we can't attend the meeting.

(3)다음 문장의 (   )안에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

1. She was exiled from her country (because / because of) her part in the uprising.

2. If everything goes according(to / as) my plan I shall be back before dark.

3. You can't say things(as / like) that about someone you've never met.

4. They persisted with the agricultural reforms(despite / though) opposition from the farmers.

(4)교재 적용

(1)Based on these community reactions, Vic concluded that he was inadequate, ④even though his performance was generally very good.

(2)From the point of view of research in motor behavior, it is important to use performances in the laboratory (C)[ because / because of ] the scoring can be as objective as possible.

6. 종속절

(1) 부사절

1) no sooner, hardly, scarcely의 도치

Ex) I had no sooner opened the cage than the bird flew out.

= No sooner had I opened the cage than the bird flew out.

2) 시간 또는 조건의 부사절 ‘once, everytime, the first time, while, after, before, until, when, the moment, as soon as, if, in case, so long as 주어 + 동사’에서 현재시제가 미래시제를 대신한다.

Ex) Once you will get there, take the green line to City Hall.(X)

If I won't eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry during class.(X)

cf)It's impossible to anticipate when it will happen.(0)

3) why와 because의 차이

원인 - why - 결과  / 결과 - because - 원인

ex) I have a stomachache. That's because I overate myself last night.

ex) I overate myself last night. That's why I have a stomachache.

(2) 조건절

1) 가정법 현재: If it rains, I won't go out.

2) 가정법 과거: If it rained, I wouldn't go out.

3) 가정법 과거 완료: If it had rained, I wouldn't have gone out.

4) 조건절의 도치: Had it rained, I wouldn't have gone out.

5) I wish + 가정법 과거 / 가정법 과거 완료

: I wish I knew French.

6) as if + 가정법 과거 / 가정법 과거 완료

: He talked to me as if he were a boss.

7)제안(suggest, propose), 요구(demand, require), 권유(advise, recommend), 주장(insist), 명령(order, command) that S+(should)+동사원형

: His family doctor advised that he (should) take a walk every day.

8) It is necessary, important, natural, desirable, essential that 주어+(should)+동사원형

: It is necessary that we should take a walk every day.

9)다음 문장의 (   )안에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

1) As soon as we (get / will get) tickets, we'll send them to you.

2) Some cars aren't visible in the rearview mirror. That's (because / why) when you change lanes it's always good to turn your head and look behind.

3) I'm pretty sure none of this would (happen / have happened) if I hadn't been fired from the company.

4) He insisted that his son (went / go) to a special school for the gifted.

5) I wish it (will stop / would stop) raining.

10)교재 적용

(1)When Vic’s performance in school or on the football field was not superior, his family, teachers, and friends were disappointed and reacted as if Vic ③had failed .

(3) 분사구문: ‘능동(-ing) 또는 수동(p.p)’

1)형용사 분사: 명사의 앞 또는 뒤

Ex) He put the (repaired / repairing) camera on the table.

2)문장 분사

- when, if, though, since 등 접속사 생략 가능

- ,를 사이에 두고 앞 / 뒤 문장의 주어가 일치하면 주어 생략

- 동사에 ing를 붙임(be + ing는 생략함)

Ex) As the electricity had gone out, we had to light a candle.

= The electricity having gone out, we had to light a candle.

3)with + 명사 + 분사

ex) She was listening to music with her eyes closed.

4)교재 적용

(1)He twisted that wire in just the right way to form the first safety pin. Hunt was one of those inventors who, along with Edison and Franklin, (B)[proved / proving] that once you dig up a single good idea the chances are you will start a gusher.

(2)His family and school reflected these community values, ②emphasizing achievement and excellence.

(3)Sometimes physicians prescribe sleeping pills without clearly establishing that a medical or physiological problem exists and without realizing that these medications actually disturb sleep patterns when (C)[used / using ] on a prolonged basis.

(4)The bones were much too large to belong to a cow; ① intrigued, McJunkin took them back to the ranch house.

7. 병렬구조

(1) 병렬구조의 기본 개념

1)PX ⃟ PY = P(X ⃟ Y)

2)P는 공통, ⃟는 and/ but/ or/ as well as / than / rather than, either A or B / both A and B 등

3)X와 Y는 형태가 같아야 함

(2) 수능 기출 예시

➀In the Metro, you have to open the door yourself by(P) pushing(X) a button, depressing(Y) a lever, or(⃟) sliding(Z) them.

➁Skiing is a highly skilled sport in which experts can slide down a mountain trail at more than 90 kilometers an hour, soar through the air for several hundreds feet or (make, makes) quick turns through an obstacle course.

➂Hoping to establish a friendly relationship, I stopped playing and ringing the bell so I could apologize.

➃Bootstrapping is another term for the way that brain growth leads to new experience and new experience ①unlocks more brain growth.(5강 7번 보기1)